Assessment of DNA damage and cytotoxicity of palmatine on human skin epithelial carcinoma cells

The present investigation was carried out to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of a Tinospora cordifolia crude methanolic extract (palmatine) on human skin epithelial carcinoma cells (A431). T. cordifolia is one of the indispensable medicinal plants used in Ayurvedic medicine for treatment of various diseases and recommended for improving the immune system. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation was carried out using A431 cells treated with different concentrations of palmatine. The duration of the treatment was 24 and 48 hr. A cellular proliferative capacity test showed that palmatine produced cytotoxicity in concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further, palmatine induced significant intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and elevated lipid peroxidation, as well as activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. DNA fragmentation analysis using the comet assay showed that palmatine induced genotoxicity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Evidence indicates palmatine is capable of induction of oxidative stress resulting in cell death and genomic instability.     

Role of the necrosis factor-κB pathway in dibutyl phthalate mediated effects on human glioma cells

Abstract

The human glioma cell line U251 was incubated for 12?h and 24?h in medium containing dibutyl phthalate at concentrations of 25?µmol/L and 100?µmol/L. Decreased cell viability and increased oxidative stress show the cytotoxicity of dibutyl phthalate. Nuclear factor-κB and nuclear factor-κB pathway-related proteins were altered, which could be attenuated by vitamin E at 20?µmol/L. Thus, dibutyl phthalate induces cytotoxicity through activation of nuclear factor-κB and vitamin E exerts neuroprotection against dibutyl phthalate-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.     

Enzymatic and cellular level effects of chromium∗

Exposure of Cr to four hepatic enzymes activities of tilapia, viz. acid‐ and alkaline phosphatases, catalase and glucose‐6‐phosphatase, was contrary to the results obtained for Cd and Ni. This is the only heavy metal investigated thus far that dramatically augmented glucose‐6‐phosphatase by approximately 83% at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 in vivo in lieu of the fact of an initial inhibition of approximately 45 % at a lower concentration of Cr; 6 mg L^‐1. In the case of acid phosphatase and catalase activities progressive increment was observed up to 50 and 217% respectively at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 Cr. On the other hand, in contrast to all the investigated enzymes interestingly alkaline phosphatase was inhibited continuously at all concentrations up to 46% at 12 mgL^‐1 Cr. In vitro experiments were contrary to the above mentioned results, whereby all hepatic enzymes were inhibited with major inhibition observed for acid phosphatase of approximately 60% from 5 mgL^‐1 Cr onwards in the system.

At cellular level, Cr exposure at a lethal dose of 12 mgL^‐1 demonstrated similar effects to that of Cd. In general, the glycogen and fat reserves were depleted while lysosomal activity is increased. As compared to the effects of Cd, the mitochondria did not indicate any prominent reflection in the formation of intramitochondrial bodies. Further, similar to Cd, the cell membrane as well as nucleus were not affected.     

5种卤代乙酰胺类消毒副产物对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞Tk基因致突变性研究

卤代乙酰胺类(HAc Am)消毒副产物(DBPs)是饮用水中新兴含氮类DBPs之一。为探究HAc Ams的致突变性,选择小鼠淋巴瘤细胞作为受试细胞,分别考察了一氯代乙酰胺、二氯代乙酰胺、三氯代乙酰胺、一碘代乙酰胺、二碘代乙酰胺(DIAc Ams)共5种HAc Ams对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞Tk基因突变的影响。结果表明,在0.05~20μmol·L~(-1)暴露浓度下,5种HacAms类DBPs对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞呈现出一定的细胞毒性,随着暴露浓度的升高,细胞毒性增强。暴露4 h后,5种HacAms中只有DIAc-Ams呈现出显著的致突变性(暴露剂量高于5μmol·L~(-1)),且以小集落为主。上述研究结果为研究HacAms对哺乳动物细胞的致突变作用提供了基础数据。     

利用休止细胞法选择性脱除燃料油中有机硫

红球菌(Rhodococcus sp .)FS-1菌株能通过专一性断裂C—S键的途径脱除二苯并噻吩 (DBT)中的有机硫作为自身生长需要的硫源 ,从而降低油品中的硫含量 .本文利用该菌的休止细胞对DBT和柴油的脱硫活力进行了研究 .结果表明 ,该菌株对DBT及柴油中的有机硫均有良好的选择性脱除作用 .DBT浓度为0.5～1.0mmol/L、油水比例为 1:5时 ,脱硫效果最佳 .采用二次脱硫法可使柴油脱硫率达85%以上 ,证明FS-1能有效脱除柴油中的有机硫 .烃质组分的气相色谱分析表明 ,FS-1作用前后的柴油烃类组分基本没有改变 ,说明该菌的脱硫作用是特异性针对硫原子的 ,不会破坏柴油的有效成分 .     

三丁基锡对正常人胚胎羊膜细胞凋亡的诱导作用

为了探讨三丁基锡(TBT,tributyltin)对正常人羊膜细胞FL(humanamnioticcells)凋亡的诱导作用,进行了流式细胞仪PIAnnexinⅤ双染色检测TBT对FL细胞凋亡的诱导作用,并采用荧光染料FITC标记的特异性的caspase3的抑制剂检测活细胞中caspase3的酶活性.实验结果表明,0、1、2、3、4μmol·L-1浓度的三丁基锡作用于FL细胞2h后,细胞凋亡率和细胞中caspase3酶活性都明显升高,且有良好的剂量效应关系.表明三丁基锡在一定浓度和暴露时间下能够诱导FL细胞的凋亡,而且在此过程中,caspase3起重要作用.     

水体中铊对泥鳅外周血红细胞的遗传毒性的时效性

铊(T1)是剧毒的重金属元素,会对生态环境和人体健康造成威胁.目前各国铊的环境安全标准存在差异.本文利用泥鳅红细胞微核技术,研究泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus红细胞微核率和核异常率与铊污染时间的关系,为该技术在铊毒理研究中的可行性和铊环境安全标准提供依据.结果表明:水体铊质量浓度为0.5μg·L~(-1)下,随处理时间的延长,泥鳅红细胞微核率、核异常率显著增加,并与时间呈显著的正相关,其中微核率、核异常率分别在处理24 h和48 h时达到最大值;随后两指标逐步下降,与时间呈显著的负相关.在此铊质量浓度和处理时间内,核异常率与微核率均显著高于空白无铊对照处理,表明水体铊质量浓度0.5 μg·L~(-1)对泥鳅血红细胞具有遗传毒性.     

基因工程菌强化芳香化合物的处理工艺

分别固定克隆有甲苯加双氧酶基因的工程菌和筛选出的野生菌株,串联两种固定化细胞反应器,研究以基因工程菌突破关键步骤的限制,筛选菌株辅助完成彻底降解芳香类污染物复合工艺可行性和强化效果.克隆有苯降解过程中的关键基因——甲苯加双氧酶的基因工程菌E. coli. JM109(pKST11)对苯具有较高的降解效率和降解速度,应用于固定化细胞反应器中效果突出.在较短的水力停留时间内,可以将1500mg/L苯降解70%,降解速度为1.11mg/(Ls),延长水力停留时间,可以使去除率达到95%以上.该反应器对高浓度的苯具有突出的处理效果.同时所得到的产物为环己二烯双醇,可以被野生非高效菌W3快速利用.     

微囊藻毒素-LR致小鼠肝细胞DNA-蛋白质交联作用的研究

为探讨微囊藻毒素-LR致小鼠肝细胞的DNA-蛋白质交联作用,将20只昆明雄性小鼠随机分为4组:1个对照组和3个染毒组,采用腹腔注射进行染毒7d,染毒剂量分别为3.0、6.0和12.0μg·kg-1,检测小鼠肝细胞DNA-蛋白质交联程度.结果显示,3.0、6.0和12.0μg·kg-1微囊藻毒素-LR均可导致小鼠肝细胞显著的DNA-蛋白质交联作用(与对照组相比,p<0.01,p<0.01,p<0.05),当微囊藻毒素为6.0μg·kg-1时,这种作用最明显.     

有害因子胁迫对人支气管上皮细胞SO2生物合成的影响

为了探讨有害因子胁迫与二氧化硫(SO2)细胞生物合成的关系,采用体外培养实验方法研究了不同浓度H2O2(0.1、1、10mmol·L-1)以及不同pH值(6.8、7.2、8.0)培养液对人支气管上皮细胞(BEP2D)SO2产生量(以胞内SO32-含量代表)的影响.结果表明:1)培养液过酸(pH6.8)和过碱(pH8.0)均可使BEP2D细胞SO2产生量显著增加(与对照相比,p<0.05);2)H2O2胁迫也可使BEP2D细胞SO2产生量增加,当H2O2浓度≥1mmol·L-1时,与对照相比,差异达到显著(p<0.05).以上结果提示:人支气管上皮细胞在有害因子的胁迫下可产生内源性SO2;SO2可能是一种生物气体应激分子,能像应激蛋白那样提高生物体对有害因子的抵御能力.